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Azerbaijani Blog

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Ashich Blog of Stem cells

Stem cells. Courtesy of sarahwray.com

Stem cells. Courtesy of molecularstation.com

This picture shows a bundle of cells called a "blastocyst"

Developing Embryo Pictures

Ben & Ella as blastocysts!

The Germinal Period of Development

Stem Cells For Beginners: Where Do They Come From?

Stem Cell Commentary

Semi-Automated Blastocyst Microinjection

Early Stem Cell Research: The Process and The Promise video

Stem Cells Are Unique In Capacity to
Self Renew While Remaining Pluripotent

Euro Stemcell

Stem cells. Courtesy of kugn.com

Stem cells. Courtesy of pub.ucsf.edu

Stem cells are the master cells of the human body. They can divide to produce copies of themselves and many other types of cell

Instant Expert: Stem Cells

What are stem cells?

Stem cells: therapies for the future?

Life Sciences at Michigan

Stem cell research: All viewpoints

Stem cells and Cloning

What are stem cells?

Embryonic stem cell

Stem Cells Finally Found in Pancreas

Full Coverage: Stem Cell Research

Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Stem Cell Biology and Technology

3rd Royan International Congress on Stem Cells Biotechnology

Embryonic stem cells generate insulin-secreting cells

Identification of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell-Associated Proteins

Stem cells. Courtesy of loc.gov

Stem cells. Courtesy of werathah.com

Human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) are unique in their capacity to self renew while remaining pluripotent. This undifferentiated state must be actively maintained by secreted factors

Azerbaijan Medical Assosiation

Brain Tumors & The Membrane Particle-Associated Prominin-1/CD133

The human CSF contains specific membrane particles that carry prominin-1/CD133, a neural stem cell marker implicated in brain tumors, notably glioblastoma.Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is routinely used for diagnosing and monitoring neurological diseases. The CSF proteins used so far for diagnostic purposes (except for those associated with whole cells) are soluble.
The levels of membrane particle-associated prominin-1/CD133 declined during childhood and remained constant thereafter, with a remarkably narrow range in healthy adults. Glioblastoma patients showed elevated levels of membrane particle-associated prominin-1/CD133, which decreased dramatically in the final stage of the disease. Hence, analysis of CSF for membrane particles carrying the somatic stem cell marker prominin-1/CD133 offers a novel approach for studying human central nervous system disease.

Source:

The Stem Cell Marker Prominin-1/CD133

Adult Stem Cells

Australian Stem Cell Centre

Board of directors of the Australian Stem Cell Centre Ltd

Prof Alan Trounson & Stem Cells

Stem cells. Courtesy of biomed.brown.edu

Stem cells. Courtesy of nature.com

Oct-4 is an abbreviation of Octamer-4. It is a homeodomain transcription factor of the POU family

This protein is critically involved in the self-renewal of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells.[1] As such, it is frequently used as a marker for undifferentiated cells. Oct-4 expression must be closely regulated; too much or too little will actually cause differentiation of the cells.Oct4 is expressed in developing embryos throughout the preimplantation period. This transcription factor is initially active as a maternal factor in the oocyte but remains active in embryos throughout the preimplantation period. Oct-4 expression is associated with an undifferentiated phenotype and tumors.

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Oct-4
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Human Skin Cells Given Stem Cell Properties

What are stem cells?

Approval granted for Harvard Stem Cell Institute researchers to attempt creation of disease-specific embryonic stem cell lines

HOW TO - Isolate amniotic stem cells from a placenta, at home

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Oct-4 (Pou5f1 – Mouse Genome Informatics) gene has an essential role in control of developmental pluripotency

Oct-4 transcription factor is differentially expressed in the mouse embryo

Embryo Development.Confinement and clearance of OCT4 in the porcine embryo

The Oct-4 transcription factor is expressed in embryonic stem cells and germ cells of the mouse embryo

Oct-4 in mouse embryo demonstrate how critical Oct-4 is for early development.

In the blastocyst stage embryo, Oct4 is only expressed in the inner cell mass

Oct-4 expression in the germline is regulated separately from epiblast expression

Oct4 is a stem cell expression marker, and persistence of its expression retains pluripotency in embryonic stem (ES) cells

The molecular biology of Oct-4 in the early mouse embryo

Oct-4 is a key transcription factor in the control of early embryonic development and maintenance of a pluripotent cell population

Expression of Oct4, Sox2, and Fgf4 is maintained in Foxd3/ blastocysts

Oct4 mRNA in the oocyte

Distribution of bovine Oct4 mRNA in the oocyte

embryos with no functional Oct-4 are comprised solely of trophoblast4

The molecular biology of Oct-4 in the early mouse embryo

Germline-specific expression of the Oct-4/green fluorescent ...

Oct4 is a key protein in mouse and human embryonic stem cells: it controls these cells’ ability to divide without limit and give rise to further stem cells, a feature called self-renewal

Could it be that Oct4 was originally designed to maintain a self-renewing group of cells in the early Xenopus embryo?

Analysis of Oct-4 Gene Expression in in vitro Cultured Bovine

Pou5f1 (OCT-4) down-regulation is closely linked to the initial step of lineage allocation to extraembryonic and embryonic somatic tissues

The Carboxy-Terminal Transactivation Domain of Oct-4 Acquires Cell ...

OCT-4 is regarded to be a indicator for undifferentiated cells and therefore a stem cell indicator

Sox2 now joins Oct4 as the only identified transcription factors crucial to maintaining embryonic pluripotency

Oct4 Targets Regulatory Nodes to Modulate Stem Cell Function

Without Oct4, embryos cannot survive; even if Oct4 expression is a tad high or low, an embryo will die

Oct-4, Scene 1: the drama of mouse development

In the mouse, the transcription factor SOX-2 is known to have at least 2 roles

In addition to Oct-4, these cells also express other stem cell markers such as stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1)

Pluripotent stem cells

Octamer and Sox Elements Are Required for Transcriptional cis Regulation of Nanog Gene Expression

Oct-4: Gatekeeper in the Beginnings of Mammalian Development

Extracellular signals and second messengers modulate cell-autonomous regulators such as OCT4, SOX2 and Nanog in a combinatorial complexity

The Sox axis, Nodal signaling, and germ layer specification

Bovine Embryo Culture in the Presence or Absence of Serum: Implications for Blastocyst Development, Cryotolerance, and Messenger RNA Expression

Courtesy of stemcells.researchtoday.net

Oct4 and Sox2 Directly Regulate Expression of Another Pluripotency Transcription Factor, Zfp206, in Embryonic Stem Cells
It is well known that Oct4 and Sox2 play an important role in the maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency. These transcription factors bind to regulatory regions within hundreds of target genes to control their expression. Zfp206 is a recently characterized transcription factor that has a role in maintaining stem cell pluripotency. We have demonstrated here that Zfp206 is a direct downstream target of Oct4 and Sox2. Two composite sox-oct binding sites have been identified within the first intron of Zfp206. We have demonstrated binding of Oct4 and Sox2 to this region. In addition, we have shown that Oct4 or Sox2 alone can activate transcription via one of these sox-oct elements, although the presence of both Oct4 and Sox2 gave rise to a synergistic effect. These studies extend our understanding of the transcriptional network that operates to regulate the differentiation potential of embryonic stem cells.

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Oct4 and Sox2 Directly Regulate Expression of Another Pluripotency Transcription Factor, Zfp206, in Embryonic Stem Cells

Expression of early transcription factors Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog by porcine umbilical cord (PUC) matrix cells

Reciprocal Transcriptional Regulation of Pou5f1 and Sox2 via the Oct4/Sox2 Complex in Embryonic Stem Cells

Regulatory networks in embryo-derived pluripotent stem cells

Oct-4: Control of totipotency and germline determination

The molecular biology of Oct-4 in the early mouse embryo

The POU domain transcription factor OCT4 is a key regulator of pluripotency in the early mammalian embryo and is highly expressed in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst

Leading to Embryo-Free Embryonic Stem Cells

Knocking The Sox Off Early Mammalian Development; Scientists Find Key Embryonic Stem Cell Gene

The recruitment of SOX/OCT complexes and the differential activity ...

The SOX transcription factor family was first discovered in 1990 as a group of genes related to the mammalian testis-determining factor gene Sry (Gubbay et al., 1990).
SOX proteins represent one of a number of families in the high mobility group (HMG) domain superfamily, alongside the TCF, MATA and HMG/UBF families (Laudet et al., 1993 and Soullier et al., 1999). The Sox gene family is characterized by the presence of the HMG box, which encodes a 79-amino acid DNA-binding HMG domain (Gubbay et al., 1990). The HMG domains of all SOX proteins are highly conserved in primary structure, and all appear to be capable of binding to the same target DNA sequence, AACAA(A/T)G (Wegner, 1999). Specificity in target gene selection is thought to be brought about via a combinatorial mechanism involving interaction with other tissue-specific transcription factors and spatio-temporal expression patterns (Kamachi et al., 1999; Kamachi et al., 2000 and Wilson and Koopman, 2002). Outside the HMG domain, SOX sequences are highly variable, although common non-HMG domains can be identified among a number of SOX proteins further suggesting recent shared ancestry (Uchikawa et al., 1999).A total of 20 Sox genes have now been identified by homology-based screens in mouse and human, and this number is supported by whole genome sequence analyses in these species (Schepers et al., 2002).

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Origin and diversity of the Sox transcription factor gene family: genome-wide analysis in Fugu rubripes

Sox10 is required for the early development of the prospective neural crest in Xenopus embryos

Pairing SOX off: with partners in the regulation of embryonic development

SOX9 directly regulates the type-ll collagen gene

The transcription factor Sox9 has essential roles in successive steps of the chondrocyte d

SOX7 transcription factor: sequence, chromosomal localisation, expression, transactivation and interference with Wnt signalling

SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2, also known as SOX2, is a transcription factor that is essential to maintain self-renewal of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells

This intronless gene encodes a member of the SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional activator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. Mutations in this gene have been associated with bilateral anophthalmia, a severe form of structural eye malformation. This gene lies within an intron of another gene called SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT).The ectopic expression of SOX2 may be related to abnormal differentiation of colorectal cancer cells.

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SOX2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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SOX2 GeneCard

SOX2 Gene - The Crucial Link For Sensory Development in The Ear

Oct-3/4 and Sox2 Regulate Oct-3/4 Gene in Embryonic Stem Cells

SOX2, a Persistent Marker for Multipotential Neural Stem Cells Derived from Embryonic Stem Cells, the Embryo or the Adult

Sox2 inhibits cortical neurogenesis via the Notch pathway

Functional Analysis of Chicken Sox2 Enhancers Highlights an Array of Diverse Regulatory Elements that Are Conserved in Mammals

Small Increases in the Level of Sox2 Trigger the Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Advances in the studies of transcription factor Sox2

SOX2 is a dose-dependent regulator of retinal neural progenitor competence

Comparative genomics on SOX2 orthologs

Gene Expression Summary for Sox2; SRY-box containing gene 2

Mutations in SOX2 Cause Anophthalmia-Esophageal-Genital (AEG) Syndrome

Aberrant expression of SOX2 upregulates MUC5AC gastric foveolar mucin in mucinous cancers of the colorectum and related lesions

Mutations within Sox2/SOX2 are associated with abnormalities in the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in mice and humans

Role of SOX2 mutations in human hippocampal malformations and epilepsy

Multiple dose-dependent roles for Sox2 in the patterning and differentiation of anterior foregut endoderm

Sox2 is a key transcription factor that maintains the proliferation of neuroglial stem cells and inhibits neuronal fate commitment

Elevating the levels of Sox2 in embryonal carcinoma cells and mbryonic stem cells inhibits the expression of Sox2:Oct-3/4 target genes

The Sox2 gene is one of the key regulators (along with Oct4 and NANOG) of embryonic stem cells. It is also important for proliferation and maintenance of neural stem cells and neurogenesis

Sox2 induction by FGF and FGFR2 activating mutations inhibits Wnt signaling and osteoblast differentiation

PAX6 and SOX2-dependent regulation of the Sox2 enhancer N-3 involved in embryonic visual system development

Sox2 is universally expressed in the neural and placodal primordia in early stage embryos

Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog Co-occupy Many Target Genes

SOX2 and babies without eyes

The Roles of PAX6 and SOX2 in Myopia: Lessons from the 1958 British Birth Cohort

Knockdown of Oct-4 or Sox-2 Attenuates Neurogenesis of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Differential Roles for Sox15 and Sox2 in Transcriptional Control in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

EXPOL profile for Gene SOX2

Interplay of Pax6 and SOX2 in lens development as a paradigm of genetic switch mechanisms for cell differentiation

Mapping of sox2 and sox14 in Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)

SOX2 neural stem cell gene important in eye development

Regenerative Medicine - Google Books Result

Frequent and specific immunity to the embryonal stem cell ...

Cloning and mapping of platypus SOX2 and SOX14: Insights into SOX group B evolution

Sox2 expression defines a heterogeneous population of neurosphere ...

Sox2 deficiency causes neurodegeneration and impaired neurogenesis in the adult mouse brain

Fertilization and early embryology: Isolation and culture of inner cell mass cells from human blastocysts

Totipotent non-committed inner cell mass (ICM) cells from human blastocysts, if demonstrated to be capable of proliferating in vitro without differentiation, will have several beneficial uses, not only in the treatment of neurodegenerative and genetic disorders, but also as a model in studying the events involved in embryogenesis and genomic manipulation.

All 21 embryos were grown from the 2-pronuclear until blastocyst stages on a human tubal epithelial monolayer in commercial Earle's medium (Medicult, Denmark) supplemented with 10% human serum. The medium was changed after blastocyst formation to Chang's medium supplemented with 1000 units/ml of human leukaemia inhibitory factor (HLIF) and the embryos left undisturbed for 72 h to allow the hatched ICM and trophoblast to attach to the feeder monolayer.

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Fertilization and early embryology: Isolation and culture of inner cell mass cells from human blastocysts

Methods for Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Derivation, Characterization, and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Derivation of Embryonic Stem-Cell Lines from Human Blastocysts

The Transcriptome Profile of Human Embryonic Stem Cells as Defined by SAGE

Establishment and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells on STO, a Permanently Growing Cell Line

Prometheus's Vulture and the Stem-Cell Promise

Differentiation of Pluripotent Embryonic Stem Cells Into Cardiomyocytes

Comparative Evaluation of Various Human Feeders for Prolonged Undifferentiated Growth of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Professor Ariff Bongso: A Pioneer in Stem Cell Research

Improving Blood Stem Cell Transplants, Bioseparations Using Magnetic Nanoparticles

Alan O. Trounson, Ph.D., President, California Institute for Regenerative Medicine

Peter Johnson is President and CEO of Scintellix & Tissue Engineering

Scintellix was founded in March, 2005 and Biomedical technology development

Tissue Engineering Field Celebrates 15 Years

Azerbaijan Medical Assosiation

Cancer Research

Vascular Biology

Developmental Signaling

Haematopoietic Stem Cells

Telomere Biology

Notch Signalling in Vertebrate Tissues

LRI Scientific Report 2006

Controlling the Balance between Self Renewal and Differentiation

The role of epigenetic silencing in pluripotent cell

Developmental Biology

Msx genes

Histone methylation in stem cell renewal and lineage commitment

Molecular regulation of hematopoiesis and hematopietic stem cell fate decisions

The Hematopoietic Stem Cell

To understand the early lineage decisions of embryonic stem (ES) cells

Early Embryo Development

Ontogeny of Haematopoietic Stem Cells

Cardiovascular Stem Cell Group

Embryonic Patterning

Different Links and Different Subjects:

Pax genes play key roles in the formation of tissues and organs during embryogenesis. Pax3 and Pax7 mark myogenic progenitor cells and regulate their behavior and their entry into the program of skeletal muscle differentiation

Pax genes are universal mastergenes and should act upstream to many other genes there is little known about their natural targets.Pax genes were found ubiquitous in all known metazoan organisms (figure 4) although the number is decreased in more primitive animals.

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Structure of Pax genes

Pax Genes

Hox and Pax Genes in Development and Evolution

Pax Genes

Paired axial (Pax) genes belong to the Hombeobox gene family of transcription factors

Pax gene expression in the developing central nervous system of Ciona intestinalis

Members of the mammalian PAX (paired box) family of genes

The Role of Pax Genes in the Development of Tissues and Organs: Pax3 and Pax7 Regulate Muscle Progenitor Cell Functions

The Kidney: From Normal Development to Congenital Disease & Pax Genes

The 90% of life

Shared and Junk DNA

PAX 8 activates the enhancer of the human thyroperoxidase gene

Thyroperoxidase (TPO) (EC 1.11.1.7) is the primary enzyme involved in thyroid hormone synthesis. It catalyses iodide oxidation, iodination of tyrosine residues, and coupling of iodotyrosines to generate the iodothyronines T3 and T4.It is a thyroid-specific 100 kDa glycoprotein bound to the thyrocyte membrane [1]. The tissue-specific expression of TPO gene is regulated mainly at the transcriptional level [2,3] and its promoter has been extensively studied in both rat and human gene.Furthermore, human TPO (hTPO) gene transcription is also regulated by an enhancer element located approx. 5±5 kilobases upstream of the gene. The study shows the role of PAX 8 in the activation of the human thyroid-specific enhancer of the TPO gene. PAX 8 binds an enhancer cis element in vitro and through this site stimulates the enhancer activity.

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PAX 8 activates the enhancer of the human thyroperoxidase gene

Stem cells. Courtesy of iranbiology.ir

Stem cells. Courtesy of sciencedaily.com

سيتولوژي و زيست شناسي سلولي مولكولي

Evolution Genetic Tool Kit

Intelligent Design? Blood Vessels
Help Tumors Grow angiogene

The Synergistic Activity of Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 and Pax 8 Relies on the Promoter/Enhancer Interplay
The transcription factors, thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) and Pax 8, play a pivotal role in the transcriptional regulation of the thyroid differentiation marker genes and in the differentiation of the thyroid follicular cells. They have a very restricted tissue distribution, and the thyrocyte is the only cell type with the simultaneous expression of these factors. Here we show that TTF-1 and Pax 8 cooperatively activate their target genes and that their synergistic activity requires the cross-talk between enhancer and gene promoter. We have characterized the cis and trans requirements of the TTF1/Pax 8 synergistic activity on the thyroperoxidase gene. We show that their synergy is also important for thyroglobulin gene transcription.

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The Synergistic Activity of Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 and Pax 8

Myogenesis, or muscle development, is an important part of embryogenesis. In the development of the vertebrate body plan, all of the skeletal muscle is derived from the somites. Somites reside alongside the neural tube and notochord of vertebrate embryos and are derived from paraxial mesoderm

Myogenesis, or muscle development, is an important part of embryogenesis. In the development of the vertebrate body plan, all of the skeletal muscle is derived from the somites. Somites reside alongside the neural tube and notochord of vertebrate embryos and are derived from paraxial mesoderm. Cells within various regions of the somite acquire different muscular fates.

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Myogenic regulatory molecules (MRFs) are a family of transcription factors

Stem cells. Courtesy of d.yimg.com

Berkeley Stem Cell Center

Dr.Junying Yu & a novel method of reprogramming adult stem cells

Making A Trip To Thailand For Stem Cell Procedure

The Pax-6 homeobox gene is expressed throughout the corneal and conjunctival epithelia

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)

Cell differentiation and proliferation during development and regeneration

Satellite cells were identified over 40 years ago

The transcription factor Pax-7 appears to be crucial for the specification of the satellite cell (SC) lineage

PAX6 antibody - Stem Cell Marker

Four of 9 PAX transcription factor genes have been associated with chromosomal translocations in human tumors

Context-dependent Pax-5 repression of a PU.1/NF-κB regulated reporter gene in B lineage cells

Heritable diseases of the skeleton. Part I: Molecular insights ...

PAX8 , a human paired box gene: isolation and expression in

German Language:

Sag NO zum Überleben!

SunDoc & Halle

Genexpressionsanalyse der kokulturellen Verhältnisse zwischen ...

Einfluss von oxLDL auf die Apoptoseinduktion und Zellkopplung über ...

HUVEC Labor-Kompaktkurs

Zellkultur

HUVECs & Cell Culture

ENDOTHELIN SYSTEM: The Double-Edged Sword in Health and Disease

Endothelins are 21-amino acid vasoconstricting peptides

Picture of STEM CELLS

Picture of EMBRYONIC STEM CELL

Stem cells help mice with muscular dystrophy: study

Names of the following videos (left to right) are:
1)Celulas madre embrionarias

2)Presentacion BACM